Decomposition Type

Unicode Version 18.0

Decomposition Type is a classification that explains why a character is canonically or compatibly decomposed into a sequence of other characters. It labels the reason for the decomposition, such as whether the character is a font variant, a ligature, a superscript, a fraction, a circled form, or a vertical presentation. This distinction matters because canonical decompositions preserve the visual and semantic identity of a character, while compatibility decompositions indicate that the original form is a stylistic or formatting variation that may not be equal in meaning, for example, a fullwidth digit decomposing to its standard counterpart. The type values like <font>, <compat>, <super>, <sub>, <fraction>, <circled>, and <narrow> help software decide when to perform normalization for text comparison or search, ensuring that equivalent sequences are treated consistently without altering intended distinctions.

Canonical
Abbr
can
Count
13253

Canonical is the decomposition type indicating a character’s base form, unmarked by formatting distinctions, used for compatibility normalization.

Compat
Abbr
com
Count
721

Compat is a marker indicating a character’s decomposition is a formatting or compatibility variant, not a canonical equivalence.

Circle
Abbr
enc
Count
240

Circle is a decomposition type indicating a character is a circled variant of its base form, often for enclosed alphanumerics or symbols.

Final
Abbr
fin
Count
240

Final is the value indicating a character’s decomposition is a canonical equivalent, not a compatibility or other styled variant.

Font
Abbr
font
Count
1231

Font is a decomposition type indicating a character is a formatting variant, like a swash or styled form, rather than a distinct semantic unit.

Fraction
Abbr
fra
Count
20

Fraction is a decomposition type indicating a character should display as a vulgar fraction, like ½, composed of a numerator, slash, and denominator.

Initial
Abbr
init
Count
171

Initial is a tag indicating a character’s decomposition occurs in an initial presentation form, typically for Arabic or Syriac contextual shaping.

Isolated
Abbr
iso
Count
238

Isolated is a tag indicating a character’s decomposition is a standalone form, not tied to a specific context or style.

Medial
Abbr
med
Count
82

Medial is a decomposition type indicating a character that appears in the middle of a word, like certain Arabic presentation forms.

Narrow
Abbr
nar
Count
122

Narrow is a decomposition type indicating a character is a narrower variant of another, often used for East Asian width compatibility.

Nobreak
Abbr
nb
Count
5

Nobreak is a decomposition type indicating a no-break space, used to prevent line breaks at that point.

Small
Abbr
sml
Count
26

Small is a decomposition type marking a character as a diminutive variant, often used in phonetic notation or superscript-like forms.

Square
Abbr
sqr
Count
286

Square is a decomposition type indicating a character is a typographic ligature or symbol shaped to fill a square space, like Japanese squared katakana.

Sub
Abbr
sub
Count
68

Sub is a formatting distinction indicating a character is a subscript form, used for typographic positioning below the baseline, as in mathematical notation.

Super
Abbr
sup
Count
308

Super is a formatting hint indicating a character should be displayed as a superscript, typically for mathematical or phonetic notation.

Vertical
Abbr
vert
Count
39

Vertical is a formatting hint that a character should be displayed vertically, often used for rotated or stacked forms in vertical text layouts.

Wide
Abbr
wide
Count
104

Wide is the decomposition type indicating a character is a fullwidth variant, mapping to its narrow counterpart.

None
Abbr
none
Count
293187

None is the default decomposition type, indicating a character has no canonical or compatibility decomposition mapping.