Script - Gurmukhi
Gurmukhi is an Indic script used primarily for writing the Punjabi language, especially in the Indian state of Punjab, where it holds official status. Its name means “from the mouth of the Guru,” reflecting its sacred origins in Sikh scripture, as it was standardized by Guru Angad in the 16th century. The script is an abugida, where each consonant carries an inherent vowel sound, typically /ə/, which can be altered or silenced using diacritic vowel signs. Gurmukhi’s characters are written left to right, with no distinction between uppercase and lowercase, and it includes unique markers for tones and nasalization. Its letters are also deeply tied to Sikh identity, used in the Guru Granth Sahib and other religious texts. Today, it remains vital for Punjabi literacy, education, and cultural expression, bridging ancient tradition with modern digital communication.