U+222B "∫" Integral Unicode Character

Unicode Version 17.0

U+222B "∫" Integral is a mathematical symbol originating from the late 17th century, introduced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz to denote the operation of integration in calculus. It represents the sum of infinitely many infinitesimal quantities, often interpreted as the area under a curve in a graph, and is fundamental to many fields of science, engineering, and mathematics. In digital text, this character allows the precise representation of integration notation without relying on images or specialized formatting, making it an essential part of the Mathematical Operators block in Unicode.

General Properties

Code Point U+222B
Version Added 1.1
Name Integral
Block Mathematical Operators
General Category Math Symbol
Canonical Combining Class Not Reordered
Bidirectional Class Other Neutral
Mirrored Yes

Encodings

HTML Decimal Encoding ∫
HTML Hex Encoding ∫
UTF-8 Encoding 0xE2 0x88 0xAB
UTF-16 Encoding 0x222B
UTF-32 Encoding 0x0000222B
C/C++/Java Escape \u222b

Unicode Properties

NFC Quick Check Yes
NFD Quick Check Yes
NFKC Quick Check Yes
NFKD Quick Check Yes
Numeric Type None
Numeric Value NaN
Line Break Ambiguous (Alphabetic or Ideographic)
East Asian Width Ambiguous
Script Common
Script Extensions Common
Indic Syllabic Category Other
Pattern Syntax Yes
Math Yes
Vertical Orientation Rotated
Grapheme Base Yes
Grapheme Cluster Break Other
Word Break Other
Sentence Break Other