U+02E4 "ˤ" Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop Unicode Character

Unicode Version 17.0

ˤ

U+02E4 "ˤ" Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop is a typographic symbol used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent pharyngealization, which is a secondary articulation where the root of the tongue is retracted toward the pharynx. It is typically written as a superscript small reversed glottal stop and combines with a preceding consonant or vowel character to indicate that the sound is produced with a constricted pharynx. This modifier is especially common in the transcription of Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew, as well as certain Caucasian and Native American languages, where pharyngealized consonants are phonemically distinct. Its design is derived from the glottal stop symbol but reversed to visually suggest the retraction of the tongue.

General Properties

Code Point U+02E4
Version Added 1.1
Name Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
Block Spacing Modifier Letters
General Category Modifier Letter
Canonical Combining Class Not Reordered
Bidirectional Class Left To Right
Decomposition Type Super
Decomposition Mapping "ʕ" U+0295 Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative

Encodings

HTML Decimal Encoding ˤ
HTML Hex Encoding ˤ
UTF-8 Encoding 0xCB 0xA4
UTF-16 Encoding 0x02E4
UTF-32 Encoding 0x000002E4
C/C++/Java Escape \u02e4

Unicode Properties

NFC Quick Check Yes
NFD Quick Check Yes
Numeric Type None
Numeric Value NaN
Line Break Alphabetic
Lowercase Yes
Other Lowercase Yes
Case Ignorable Yes
Cased Yes
Changes When NFKC Casefolded Yes
NFKC Casefold "ʕ" U+0295 Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative
NFKC Simple Casefold "ʕ" U+0295 Latin Letter Pharyngeal Voiced Fricative
Script Latin
Script Extensions Latin
Indic Syllabic Category Other
ID Start Yes
XID Start Yes
ID Continue Yes
XID Continue Yes
Diacritic Yes
Alphabetic Yes
Vertical Orientation Rotated
Grapheme Base Yes
Grapheme Cluster Break Other
Word Break Alphabetic letter
Sentence Break Lower