U+03D8 "Ϙ" Greek Letter Archaic Koppa Unicode Character
Unicode Version 17.0
Ϙ
U+03D8 "Ϙ" Greek Letter Archaic Koppa is a historical Greek letter that was used primarily in early alphabetic writing before the classical period, representing a back vowel or a voiceless velar plosive sound similar to a "k" before being largely replaced by the standard letter Kappa. It originated from the Phoenician letter Qoph and was retained in some local Greek dialects and numeric systems, where it served as the symbol for the number 90 in the ancient acrophonic numeral tradition. Despite its archaic status in standard written Greek, the character is preserved in Unicode for historical and scholarly purposes, including the representation of ancient inscriptions and textual editions.
General Properties
| Code Point | U+03D8 |
| Version Added | 3.2 |
| Name | Greek Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Block | Greek and Coptic |
| General Category | Uppercase Letter |
| Canonical Combining Class | Not Reordered |
| Bidirectional Class | Left To Right |
Encodings
| HTML Decimal Encoding | Ϙ |
| HTML Hex Encoding | Ϙ |
| UTF-8 Encoding | 0xCF 0x98 |
| UTF-16 Encoding | 0x03D8 |
| UTF-32 Encoding | 0x000003D8 |
| C/C++/Java Escape | \u03d8 |
Unicode Properties
| NFC Quick Check | Yes |
| NFD Quick Check | Yes |
| NFKC Quick Check | Yes |
| NFKD Quick Check | Yes |
| Numeric Type | None |
| Numeric Value | NaN |
| Line Break | Alphabetic |
| Uppercase | Yes |
| Simple Lowercase Code Point | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Lowercase Code Point | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Simple Case Folding | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Case Folding | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Cased | Yes |
| Changes When Casefolded | Yes |
| Changes When Casemapped | Yes |
| Changes When Lowercased | Yes |
| Changes When NFKC Casefolded | Yes |
| NFKC Casefold | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| NFKC Simple Casefold | "ϙ" U+03D9 Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| Script | Greek |
| Script Extensions | Greek |
| Indic Syllabic Category | Other |
| ID Start | Yes |
| XID Start | Yes |
| ID Continue | Yes |
| XID Continue | Yes |
| Alphabetic | Yes |
| Vertical Orientation | Rotated |
| Grapheme Base | Yes |
| Grapheme Cluster Break | Other |
| Word Break | Alphabetic letter |
| Sentence Break | Upper |